Procedures
Hernia Surgery
A hernia occurs when tissue pushes through a weakness in the abdominal wall, often due to repeated strain, injury, or previous abdominal surgery.
Symptoms of a Hernia
A hernia typically presents as a lump or bulge, often more noticeable on standing, coughing and heavy lifting. Some can be less obvious, particularly when deep in the abdominal wall. Other symptoms may include pain or discomfort, often more severe with physical activity, and a feeling of weight or pressure in the abdomen or groin.
Hernias do not usually go away on their own, although surgery is not always necessary. Surgical repair will usually consider the type and size of the hernia and the associated symptoms such as persistent pain or discomfort, an increase in size, development of complications, or an overall impact on everyday activities or quality of life.
Surgical Repair
A hernia repair involves returning the protruding tissue to its normal position and reinforcing the weakened abdominal wall, usually with placement of a surgical mesh. Where appropriate, repair may be performed by laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery, typically resulting in smaller incisions, less postoperative pain and a faster return to normal life.
Open or traditional surgery involves a larger incision, allowing direct access to the hernia and the abdominal wall. This approach may be recommended for large, complex or recurrent hernias, or where it is considered the safest approach for the patient. Reinforcement may involve sutures, surgical mesh or a combination of both techniques.
Symptoms
Hernia Complications
Most hernias are not emergencies, however they can carry risks when left untreated.
What complications can occur?
An incarcerated hernia occurs when the protruding tissue cannot be pushed back into the abdomen. This can cause persistent pain, swelling and tenderness.
Strangulation occurs when the blood supply to the trapped tissue is reduced or cut off causing damage to the tissue, usually warranting urgent surgical intervention.
If part of the bowel becomes trapped within a hernia, it can become obstructed. Signs of obstruction may include abdominal pain, swelling, nausea, vomiting and difficulty passing wind or bowel movements.
Symptoms Requiring Urgent Assessment
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, please attend your nearest Emergency Department for urgent assessment.
- A hernia that becomes suddenly painful, firm or tender.
- A hernia that can no longer be gently pushed back into the abdomen.
- An increase in redness, swelling or discolouration of the area.
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain, particularly with associated nausea or vomiting.
- Difficulty or inability to pass wind or bowel movements.
Anterior View
Abdominal Hernias
Incisional hernias occur at or near a previous surgical incision.
Umbilical hernias occur at or around the belly button (umbilicus).
Inguinal hernias occur in the upper groin, through the inguinal canal.
Spigelian hernias occur in the lower abdomen, usually to the side of the belly button.
Femoral hernias occur in the upper inner thigh, just below the groin, through the femoral canal.
Commonly Treated
Types of Hernia
Hernias can develop in various areas of the abdominal wall, depending on where weakness is. All hernias have different characteristics and treatment considerations.
Ventral Hernia
A ventral hernia develops through a weakness in the front abdominal wall, causing a bulge or discomfort. Surgical management depends on its size, symptoms and individual circumstances.
Umbilical Hernia
An umbilical hernia develops in or around the belly button. In adults, these hernias generally do not heal on their own and may require surgical repair if they become symptomatic or enlarge.
Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia develops in the groin and is the most common type of hernia. You may notice a bulge or discomfort in the groin, particularly with heavy lifting, coughing or straining.
Femoral Hernia
A femoral hernia is less common than an inguinal hernia and develops just below the groin. Due to the higher risk of becoming trapped or strangulated, surgical repair is generally recommended.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia develops through a weakness at the site of previous abdominal surgery. It can range from a small, painless defect to a larger or more complex hernia, often requiring repair.
Parastomal Hernia
A parastomal hernia develops around an existing stoma due to weakness in the abdominal wall. It may cause a bulge, pain or discomfort, or difficulty fitting or managing the stoma.